Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) spray, also known as nitroglycerin spray, is a fast-acting medication used to relieve chest pain caused by angina. Angina is a condition characterised by chest pain or discomfort resulting from reduced blood flow to the heart, often due to the narrowing of coronary arteries.
How it works in the body:
GTN spray works as a vasodilator, which means it relaxes and widens blood vessels. When administered under the tongue or on the inside of the cheek, it rapidly absorbs into the bloodstream, increasing the blood flow to the heart and reducing the heart’s workload. This quick action helps alleviate angina symptoms and chest pain.
Contraindications:
While GTN spray is effective for treating angina, there are situations where its use may be contraindicated or should be approached with caution:
- Allergy or hypersensitivity: Individuals who are allergic or hypersensitive to glyceryl trinitrate, nitroglycerin, or any component of the medication should not use it.
- Low blood pressure (hypotension): GTN spray can cause a significant drop in blood pressure. It should not be used in individuals with low blood pressure or a history of fainting due to low blood pressure.
- Severe anaemia: Patients with severe anaemia should avoid using GTN spray, as it may further reduce oxygen delivery to the heart.
- Closed-angle glaucoma: People with closed-angle glaucoma should use GTN spray with caution, as it may increase intraocular pressure.
- Erectile dysfunction medications: Combining GTN spray with medications for erectile dysfunction, such as sildenafil (Viagra), tadalafil (Cialis), or vardenafil (Levitra), can cause a severe and potentially dangerous drop in blood pressure.
- Head injury or brain hemorrhage: GTN spray should be used with caution in patients with a recent head injury or brain hemorrhage, as it may increase intracranial pressure.
Potential health concerns:
- Overdose: Excessive use of GTN spray can lead to an overdose, resulting in symptoms such as severe headache, dizziness, rapid or slow heartbeat, nausea, vomiting, and fainting. Seek immediate medical attention if you suspect an overdose.
- Tolerance: Regular and frequent use of GTN spray may lead to tolerance, reducing its effectiveness in relieving angina symptoms. It is essential to follow the prescribed dosing regimen and consult a healthcare provider if angina symptoms worsen or do not improve.
In conclusion, GTN spray is a fast-acting medication for relieving angina chest pain by widening blood vessels and increasing blood flow to the heart. It is crucial to follow the prescribed dosing regimen and be aware of contraindications and potential health concerns. Consult a healthcare provider if you have any questions or concerns about using GTN spray safely and effectively.